![]() Halides anions like Br − also adsorb on the Pd(100) surface. ![]() For example, PVP preferentially adsorbs on and reduces the growth rate of the Ag(100) surface, while PVP passivates the Au(111) surface. A diverse set of morphologies of Ag and Au NPs have been reported using different capping agents. Surface capping agents such as salts and surfactants have shown significant effects on directing the growth of nanocrystals. It is, therefore, scientifically important to explore Rh NPs’ morphological effects in connection with their potential biological applications.Įnormous efforts have been devoted to tune the synthesis methods in order to control the morphology and surface properties of metallic NPs. The toxicity of Rh NPs as a function of their particle morphology has been rarely discussed in the literature. Metallic nanomaterials, including Ag and Au, show biocompatibility with a strong dependence on particle size, morphology, and surface properties. The hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity, or lipophilicity–lipophobicity, of nanomaterials functionalized by various groups also plays a key role in the toxicity and biocompatibility. The specific surface-exposed groups could be the reactive sites inducing superoxide radical formation, as major reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are cytotoxic. Likewise, nanomaterials also reveal an inherent correlation between toxicity and their surface properties within biological applications. In general, a high specific surface area contributes to a high catalytic activity, due to high-index crystal planes showing high binding affinity. ![]() For instance, catalytic properties are associated with the active sites, which is reflected by the spatial shape and exposed crystal facets of metallic nanoparticles (NPs). Physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are strongly related to the size and morphology of particles. Like noble metals Pt and Pd, Rh nanomaterials have caught increasing attention due to applications in catalysis, photonics, and biosensors. This work provides a detailed route for the synthesis, morphology control, and characterization of Rh NPs as viable contrast agents for XFCT bio-imaging. The Rh NPs were further demonstrated as contrast agents for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) in a small-animal imaging setting. Particles with a mixed polygon morphology had the highest cytotoxic impact, followed by cubic and spherical NPs. The cells exposed to trigonal Rh NPs showed the highest viability, among the NP series. Membrane integrity and cellular activity are both influenced to a similar extent, for both the cell lines, with respect to the morphology of Rh NPs. Cytotoxicity of these NPs was evaluated on macrophages and ovarian cancer cell lines. The use of Cl − ions (CTAC) resulted in a mixture of polygon morphologies. Additives containing Br − ions (CTAB and KBr) resulted in NPs with a cubic morphology, while those with carboxyl groups (sodium citrate and acetate) formed spheroid NPs. When PVP was used as the only additive, trigonal NPs were obtained. The effect of salts and surfactant additives including PVP, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, CTAB, CTAC, and potassium bromide on Rh NPs morphology was investigated. Morphologically controllable synthesis of Rh nanoparticles (NPs) was achieved by the use of additives during polyol synthesis.
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